Este artigo descreve o processo de desenho e as características de um questionário e uma diretriz de observação intradomiciliar desenvolvida para avaliar, tanto transversal quanto longitudinalmente, a relação moradia-vizinhança-saúde no âmbito das transformações urbanas realizadas em populações de alta vulnerabilidade sócio-territorial. Os instrumentos foram desenvolvidos para o estudo longitudinal multimétodo RUCAS (Regeneração Urbana, Qualidade de Vida e Saúde), uma experiência natural destinada a avaliar a relação moradia-vizinhança-saúde e o impacto na saúde de um programa de regeneração habitacional em dois conjuntos habitacionais sociais no Chile. A concepção dos instrumentos seguiu quatro etapas principais: (1) revisão narrativa da literatura para definir as dimensões do estudo, e dos instrumentos existentes para identificar itens apropriados para a medição; (2) validação do conteúdo com especialistas; (3) pré-teste; e (4) estudo piloto. O questionário resultante, composto de 262 itens, leva em conta diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida e questões de gênero. A diretriz de observação intradomiciliar (77 itens) é aplicada pelo entrevistador. Os instrumentos abordam (i) características da situação atual da moradia que são conhecidas por afetar a saúde e serão intervencionadas pelo programa; (ii) dimensões da saúde potencialmente afetadas pela moradia e/ou pela intervenção dentro do prazo do estudo (4 anos); (iii) outras condições de saúde e relacionadas à saúde que são relevantes, mesmo que não sejam modificadas dentro do prazo do estudo; e (iv) dimensões sócioeconômicas, ocupacionais e demográficas relevantes. Os instrumentos projetados demonstraram ser uma ferramenta capaz de abordar a multidimensionalidade dos processos de transformação urbana em contextos de pobreza urbana na habitação formal.

Este artículo describe el proceso de diseño y las características de un cuestionario y una pauta de observación intradomiciliaria desarrollados para evaluar tanto transversal como longitudinalmente la relación vivienda-barrio-salud en el marco de transformaciones urbanas llevadas a cabo en poblaciones de elevada vulnerabilidad socio-territorial. Los instrumentos se desarrollaron para el estudio longitudinal multimétodos RUCAS (Regeneración Urbana, Calidad de Vida y Salud), un experimento natural cuyo objetivo principal es evaluar el impacto en salud y calidad de vida de un programa de Regeneración de Conjuntos Habitacionales en dos conjuntos de vivienda social en Chile. El diseño de los instrumentos siguió cuatro etapas principales: (1) revisión narrativa de la literatura para definir las dimensiones del estudio, y de instrumentos existentes para identificar ítems apropiados para su medición; (2) validación de contenido con expertos; (3) pre-test; y (4) estudio piloto. El cuestionario resultante, compuesto de 262 ítems, tiene en cuenta las distintas etapas del ciclo vital y cuestiones de género. La pauta de observación intradomiciliaria (77 ítems) es aplicada por el/la encuestadora. Los instrumentos abordan (i) características de la situación residencial actual que sabidamente afectan la salud y serán intervenidas por el programa; (ii) dimensiones de la salud potencialmente afectadas por la situación residencial y/o por la intervención dentro de los plazos del estudio (4 años); (iii) otras condiciones de salud y relacionadas con la salud que sean relevantes, aun cuando no se verán modificadas dentro de los plazos del estudio, y (iv) dimensiones socioeconómicas, ocupacionales y demográficas relevantes. Los instrumentos han mostrado ser una herramienta capaz de abordar la multidimensionalidad de los procesos de transformación urbana en contextos de pobreza urbana en vivienda formal.

This article describes the design and characteristics of a questionnaire and an intradomiciliary observation tool developed to assess the housing-neighborhood-health relationship both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in the context of urban transformations carried out in populations of high socio-territorial vulnerability. The instruments were developed for the multi-method longitudinal study RUCAS (Urban Regeneration, Quality of Life and Health), a natural experiment aiming to assess the quality of life and health impact of a comprehensive Urban Regeneration Program in two social housing complexes in Chile. The design of the instruments followed four main stages: (1) narrative review of the literature to define the dimensions of the study, and of existing measurement instruments to identify appropriate items for measuring them; (2) content validation with experts; (3) pre-test; and (4) pilot study. The resulting questionnaire, composed of 262 items, considers the different stages of the life course and gender issues. The intradomiciliary observation tool (77 items) is applied by the interviewer. The instruments assess (i) characteristics of the current residential situation that are known to affect health and will be intervened by the program; (ii) dimensions of health potentially affected by the residential situation and/or by the intervention within the time frame of the study (4 years); (iii) other health and health-related conditions that are relevant, even if changes will not be modified within the time frame of the study; and (iv) relevant socioeconomic, occupational and demographic dimensions. The instruments have shown to be capable of addressing the multidimensionality of urban transformation processes in contexts of urban poverty in formal housing.

This article describes the design and characteristics of a questionnaire and an intradomiciliary observation tool developed to assess the housing-neighborhood-health relationship both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in the context of urban transformations carried out in populations of high socio-territorial vulnerability. The instruments were developed for the multi-method longitudinal study RUCAS (Urban Regeneration, Quality of Life and Health), a natural experiment aiming to assess the quality of life and health impact of a comprehensive Urban Regeneration Program in two social housing complexes in Chile. The design of the instruments followed four main stages: (1) narrative review of the literature to define the dimensions of the study, and of existing measurement instruments to identify appropriate items for measuring them; (2) content validation with experts; (3) pre-test; and (4) pilot study. The resulting questionnaire, composed of 262 items, considers the different stages of the life course and gender issues. The intradomiciliary observation tool (77 items) is applied by the interviewer. The instruments assess (i) characteristics of the current residential situation that are known to affect health and will be intervened by the program; (ii) dimensions of health potentially affected by the residential situation and/or by the intervention within the time frame of the study (4 years); (iii) other health and health-related conditions that are relevant, even if changes will not be modified within the time frame of the study; and (iv) relevant socioeconomic, occupational and demographic dimensions. The instruments have shown to be capable of addressing the multidimensionality of urban transformation processes in contexts of urban poverty in formal housing.

Este artículo describe el proceso de diseño y las características de un cuestionario y una pauta de observación intradomiciliaria desarrollados para evaluar tanto transversal como longitudinalmente la relación vivienda-barrio-salud en el marco de transformaciones urbanas llevadas a cabo en poblaciones de elevada vulnerabilidad socio-territorial. Los instrumentos se desarrollaron para el estudio longitudinal multimétodos RUCAS (Regeneración Urbana, Calidad de Vida y Salud), un experimento natural cuyo objetivo principal es evaluar el impacto en salud y calidad de vida de un programa de Regeneración de Conjuntos Habitacionales en dos conjuntos de vivienda social en Chile. El diseño de los instrumentos siguió cuatro etapas principales: (1) revisión narrativa de la literatura para definir las dimensiones del estudio, y de instrumentos existentes para identificar ítems apropiados para su medición; (2) validación de contenido con expertos; (3) pre-test; y (4) estudio piloto. El cuestionario resultante, compuesto de 262 ítems, tiene en cuenta las distintas etapas del ciclo vital y cuestiones de género. La pauta de observación intradomiciliaria (77 ítems) es aplicada por el/la encuestadora. Los instrumentos abordan (i) características de la situación residencial actual que sabidamente afectan la salud y serán intervenidas por el programa; (ii) dimensiones de la salud potencialmente afectadas por la situación residencial y/o por la intervención dentro de los plazos del estudio (4 años); (iii) otras condiciones de salud y relacionadas con la salud que sean relevantes, aun cuando no se verán modificadas dentro de los plazos del estudio, y (iv) dimensiones socioeconómicas, ocupacionales y demográficas relevantes. Los instrumentos han mostrado ser una herramienta capaz de abordar la multidimensionalidad de los procesos de transformación urbana en contextos de pobreza urbana en vivienda formal.

Este artigo descreve o processo de desenho e as características de um questionário e uma diretriz de observação intradomiciliar desenvolvida para avaliar, tanto transversal quanto longitudinalmente, a relação moradia-vizinhança-saúde no âmbito das transformações urbanas realizadas em populações de alta vulnerabilidade sócio-territorial. Os instrumentos foram desenvolvidos para o estudo longitudinal multimétodo RUCAS (Regeneração Urbana, Qualidade de Vida e Saúde), uma experiência natural destinada a avaliar a relação moradia-vizinhança-saúde e o impacto na saúde de um programa de regeneração habitacional em dois conjuntos habitacionais sociais no Chile. A concepção dos instrumentos seguiu quatro etapas principais: (1) revisão narrativa da literatura para definir as dimensões do estudo, e dos instrumentos existentes para identificar itens apropriados para a medição; (2) validação do conteúdo com especialistas; (3) pré-teste; e (4) estudo piloto. O questionário resultante, composto de 262 itens, leva em conta diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida e questões de gênero. A diretriz de observação intradomiciliar (77 itens) é aplicada pelo entrevistador. Os instrumentos abordam (i) características da situação atual da moradia que são conhecidas por afetar a saúde e serão intervencionadas pelo programa; (ii) dimensões da saúde potencialmente afetadas pela moradia e/ou pela intervenção dentro do prazo do estudo (4 anos); (iii) outras condições de saúde e relacionadas à saúde que são relevantes, mesmo que não sejam modificadas dentro do prazo do estudo; e (iv) dimensões sócioeconômicas, ocupacionais e demográficas relevantes. Os instrumentos projetados demonstraram ser uma ferramenta capaz de abordar a multidimensionalidade dos processos de transformação urbana em contextos de pobreza urbana na habitação formal.

ABSTRACT In this research, a new depside of the lichen Everniopsis trulla has been isolated. The extraction was carried out to 400 g of dry sample and ground with ethanol for 3 repetitions, then, it was fractionated by applying column chromatography with the CHCl3-MeOH system and purified by recrystallization with MeOH-Acetone (1: 1); Finally, white crystals in the form of needles (solid C) with a melting point of 198 ° C were obtained, whose structure was elucidated based on spectroscopic data (UV-Visible, IR, NMR-H1, NMR-C13, mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction). According to the Science Finder databases, it is a new depside, called trullarin, and it is observed that molecular packing is influenced by both intramolecular and intermolecular forces. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds of O-H O type binds neighboring molecules forming dimers.

RESUMEN En esta investigación se ha aislado a un nuevo dépsido del liquen Everniopsis trulla. Se realizó la extracción a 400 g de muestra seca y molida con etanol por 3 repeticiones, luego, se fraccionó aplicando cromatografía en columna con el sistema CHCl3-MeOH y purificó por recristalización con MeOH-Acetona (1:1); finalmente se obtuvo unos cristales blancos en forma de agujas (sólido C) de punto de fusión de 198 °C, el cual se elucidó su estructura en base a los datos espectroscópicos (UV-Visible, IR, RMN-H1, RMN-C13, espectrometría de masas y difracción de monocristales de rayos X). Según la base de datos de Science. Finder, se trata de un nuevo dépsido, llamado trullarin y se observa que el empaquetamiento molecular está influenciado por fuerzas tanto intramoleculares como intermoleculares. Enlaces de hidrógeno intermoleculares del tipo O-H O enlaza las moléculas vecinas formando dímeros.

Acute myocardial infarction caused by thrombosis of left main coronary artery generate acute cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock and death. Along with the clinical history, the electrocardiogram (EKG) is the most useful tool for its recognition and timely management. Classically the EKG shows ST elevation > 1 mm in aVR or V1 with ST depression in the other leads. Urgent coronary angiography with percutaneous coronary angioplasty using drug eluting stents is recommended when the diagnosis is made. We report two cases to exemplify the clinical presentation, EKG and angiographic findings and therapeutic approach.

Background The use of narrow therapeutic index generic immunosuppressant in solid organ transplantation is controversial. Most experiences switching to these drugs have short term follow-up periods, analyze only pharmacokinetic issues and do not systematically include either complications or cost analyses. Aim To analyze the costs and benefits of switching our kidney transplant recipients from innovative tacrolimus to a generic version of the drug. Material and Methods Fifty-seven stable transplant recipients were switched from innovative tacrolimus to a generic version of the drug, maintaining the same dose. They were followed for eight months recording all events during such period. Results We observed two infectious episodes, five allograft biopsies were performed and two patients had acute rejections. Conclusions From the payer’s perspective, if all the costs associated with the change to generic tacrolimus are considered, savings related to a lower cost of the drug translate in a real financial loss for the public health system. The analysis also showed that frequent switches, even from one generic drug to a cheaper one is an even worse strategy to save money.

Abstract: This article presents a qualitative, exploratory study of the processes of inclusion among first-generation indigenous students at Chilean universities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain in-depth knowledge of these students’ experiences during their passage through higher education, as well as the related experiences of their teachers and families. The main results of the study show the universities’ double failure to recognize these students’ ethnic identity and their unique needs as first-generation students.

Resumen: Este artículo presenta un estudio cualitativo, de carácter exploratorio, sobre los procesos de inclusión en estudiantes indígenas de primera generación universitaria. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con el propósito de conocer a profundidad las experiencias de estos estudiantes en su tránsito por la educación superior y cómo se relacionan con las vividas por sus familiares y profesores. Los principales resultados del estudio evidencian una doble invisibilización de las universidades chilenas, tanto de su identidad étnica como de sus particulares necesidades como estudiantes de primera generación.

Considering reproductive health as an important component of animal welfare in dogs, the purpose of this study was to characterize and compare some reproductive health parameters in 30 intact English Bulldog, clinically healthy, distributed in two age groups: A, 1-4 years (n = 15) and B: >5 years (n = 15). The evaluation was carried out through a reproductive physical examination and testicular and prostate ultrasonographic examination. The average age of groups A and B was 2.19 ± 1.08 years and 7.31 ± 3.12 years, respectively. In total, 16.6% of the specimens presented urethral prolapse without differences by age group. The frequencies of asymmetry and testicular flaccidity were 0.06 in both groups. The ultrasonographic evaluation showed a higher frequency of alterations of the testicular parenchyma, especially heterogeneity and presence of anechoic foci in Group B (0.4) than in Group A (0.06) (p<0.05). In prostate, high frequency of ecotexture anomalies was observed (0.8) and presence of anechoic foci (0.66) in group B with respect to 0.13 and 0.66 group A, respectively (p<0.05). The prostate diameter had values of 3.06 ± 0.45 cm and 4.27 ± 0.37 cm in groups A and B, respectively (p<0.05). It should be noted that prostatomegaly was observed in 80% of the specimens >5 years and only in 20% of the younger dogs (p <0.05)

Considerando la salud reproductiva como componente importante del bienestar animal en perros, el propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar y comparar algunos parámetros de salud reproductiva en 30 perros enteros Bulldog Inglés, clínicamente sanos, distribuidos en dos grupos etarios: A, 1-4 años (n=15) y B: >5 años (n=15). La evaluación se realizó a través de un examen físico reproductivo y examen ultrasonográfico testicular y prostático. Las edades promedio de los grupos A y B fueron de 2.19 ± 1.08 años y 7.31 ± 3.12 años, respectivamente. El 16.6% del total de los ejemplares presentó prolapso uretral sin diferencias por grupo. Las frecuencias de asimetría y flacidez testicular fueron de 0.06 para ambos grupos. En la evaluación ultrasonográfica se observó una mayor frecuencia de alteraciones del parénquima testicular, especialmente heterogeneidad y presencia de focos anecoicos en el Grupo B (0.4) en comparación con el Grupo A (0.06) (p<0.05). En próstata, en el grupo B se observó alta frecuencia de anomalías de ecotextura: (0.8) y presencia de focos anecoicos (0.66), respecto del grupo A con 0.13 y 0.66 respectivamente (p<0.05). El diámetro prostático arrojó valores de 3.06 ± 0.45 cm y 4.27 ± 0.37 cm en los grupos A y B, respectivamente (p<0.05). Así mismo, se observó prostatomegalia en el 80% de los ejemplares >5 años y solo en 20% en el grupo de perros más jóvenes (p <0.05)

Abstract: We present the case of a 30-year-old male with an osteochondroma at the femoral neck, an unusual location for this type of tumor. In spite of being a relatively frequent tumor, our objective is to describe the main characteristics of different bone lesions, whether they are tumor-derived or not, regardless of whether they are discovered incidentally or due to a symptom, such as joint pain in this case.

Resumen: Presentamos el caso clínico de un varón de 30 años que presentaba un osteocondroma a nivel del cuello femoral, una localización poco habitual de asentamiento de este tipo de tumores. A pesar de ser un tumor relativamente frecuente, nuestro objetivo es describir las principales características de diferentes lesiones óseas, sean o no de origen tumoral, independientemente de que se descubran de manera casual o a raíz de un síntoma, como el dolor articular en este caso.

Objective: This study examines the psychometric properties of the revised Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES-2010) in a context of economic crisis and growing unemployment. Methods: Data correspond to salaried workers with a contract (n = 4,750) from the second Psychosocial Work Environment Survey (Spain, 2010). Analyses included acceptability, scale score distributions, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis. Results: Response rates were 80% or above, scores were widely distributed with reductions in floor effects for temporariness among permanent workers and for vulnerability. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.70 or above; exploratory factor analysis confirmed the theoretical allocation of 21 out of 22 items. Conclusion: The revised version of the EPRES demonstrated good metric properties and improved sensitivity to worker vulnerability and employment instability among permanent workers. Furthermore, it was sensitive to increased levels of precariousness in some dimensions despite decreases in others, demonstrating responsiveness to the context of the economic crisis affecting the Spanish labour market.

Objetivo: Este estudio examina las propiedades psicométricas de la versión revisada de la Escala de Precariedad Laboral (EPRES-2010) en un contexto de crisis económica y creciente desempleo. Métodos: Muestra de personas ocupadas con contrato (n = 4750) provenientes de la segunda Encuesta de Riesgos Psicosociales (España, 2010). Se evaluaron la aceptabilidad, la distribución de puntuaciones, la consistencia interna y el análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados: La aceptabilidad estuvo en torno al 80%, con puntuaciones ampliamente distribuidas y una reducción del efecto suelo para "vulnerabilidad" y "temporalidad". La consistencia interna estuvo en torno a 0,70. El análisis factorial confirmó la pertenencia de 21 de 22 ítems a las escalas correspondientes. Conclusión: La versión revisada de la EPRES demostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y mayor sensibilidad para medir la vulnerabilidad, así como la inestabilidad laboral en personas con contrato permanente. Además, fue sensible a incrementos de la precariedad en algunas dimensiones, a pesar de su disminución en otras, demostrando sensibilidad a los profundos cambios ocurridos en el mercado laboral español.

Objective: This study examines the psychometric properties of the revised Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES-2010) in a context of economic crisis and growing unemployment. Methods: Data correspond to salaried workers with a contract (n = 4,750) from the second Psychosocial Work Environment Survey (Spain, 2010). Analyses included acceptability, scale score distributions, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis. Results: Response rates were 80% or above, scores were widely distributed with reductions in floor effects for temporariness among permanent workers and for vulnerability. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.70 or above; exploratory factor analysis confirmed the theoretical allocation of 21 out of 22 items. Conclusion: The revised version of the EPRES demonstrated good metric properties and improved sensitivity to worker vulnerability and employment instability among permanent workers. Furthermore, it was sensitive to increased levels of precariousness in some dimensions despite decreases in others, demonstrating responsiveness to the context of the economic crisis affecting the Spanish labour market.

Objetivo: Este estudio examina las propiedades psicométricas de la versión revisada de la Escala de Precariedad Laboral (EPRES-2010) en un contexto de crisis económica y creciente desempleo. Métodos: Muestra de personas ocupadas con contrato (n = 4750) provenientes de la segunda Encuesta de Riesgos Psicosociales (España, 2010). Se evaluaron la aceptabilidad, la distribución de puntuaciones, la consistencia interna y el análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados: La aceptabilidad estuvo en torno al 80%, con puntuaciones ampliamente distribuidas y una reducción del efecto suelo para "vulnerabilidad" y "temporalidad". La consistencia interna estuvo en torno a 0,70. El análisis factorial confirmó la pertenencia de 21 de 22 ítems a las escalas correspondientes. Conclusión: La versión revisada de la EPRES demostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y mayor sensibilidad para medir la vulnerabilidad, así como la inestabilidad laboral en personas con contrato permanente. Además, fue sensible a incrementos de la precariedad en algunas dimensiones, a pesar de su disminución en otras, demostrando sensibilidad a los profundos cambios ocurridos en el mercado laboral español.

Background: Molecular techniques for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection have a good performance as screening tests and could be included in cervical cancer early detection programs. We conducted a population-based trial comparing HPV detection and Papanicolaou as primary screening tests, in a public health service in Santiago, Chile. Aim: To describe the experience of implementing this new molecular test and present the main results of the study. Material and Methods: Women aged 25 to 64 enrolled in three public health centers were invited to participate. In all women, samples were collected for Papanicolaou and HPV DNA testing, and naked-eye visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid was performed. Women with any positive screening test were referred to the local area hospital for diagnostic confirmation with colposcopy and biopsy of suspicious lesions. Results: Screening results were obtained for 8265 women, of whom 931 (11.3%) were positive to any test. The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) was 1.1%; nine women had invasive cervical cancer. Sensitivities for the detection of CIN2+ were 22.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 16.4-29.2) for Papanicolaou and 92.7% (95% CI 84.4-96.8) for HPV testing; specificities were 98.9% (95% CI 98.7-99.0) and 92.0% (95% CI 91.4-92.6) respectively. Conclusion: This experience showed that the implementation of a molecular test for cervical cancer screening is not a major challenge in Chile: it was well accepted by both the health team and the participants, and it may improve the effectiveness of the screening program.

The isolation of aerobic marine bacteria able to degrade hydrocarbons represents a promising alternative for the decontamination of oceanic and coastal environments. In the present work, twelve water and sediment samples from the Felton coastline in the Province of Holguín were collected and screened with Bushnell-Haas medium supplemented with light crude oil or with seawater supplemented with yeast extract and crude oil as a carbon source, obtaining twenty seven and six bacterial isolates respectively that were able to grow in these media. The obtained isolates were then subjected to selection in Bushnell-Haas medium supplemented with a heavy crude oil, selecting three strains able to degrade this hydrocarbon mixture within a period of seven days. Pure cultures of these strains were further used in crude oil biodegradability assays. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation was evaluated through SARA analysis, employing gas chromatography with an FID detector and infrared spectroscopy to analyze the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions, respectively. All three stains removed more than 60% of the TPH and one of them showed the best degradation potential with figures above 65% for the entire hydrocarbon fraction, except resins. Two of the strains were also able to decrease C17:Pr and C18:Ph ratios to less than 50% in comparison to the abiotic control. Two of these strains were phenotypically identified as sp., and the remaining one as sp. The degradation potential exhibited by these new isolates warrants further studies on their possible application to decontaminate coastal environments affected by oil spills.

El aislamiento de bacterias marinas aerobias como posibles degradadoras de hidrocarburos, es una variante muy prometedora para la descontaminación de mares y costas. Se recogieron doce muestras de agua y de agua con sedimentos de las costas de Felton (Holguín, Cuba). Se empleó el medio Bushnell-Haas con petróleo crudo ligero y, alternativamente, agua de mar suplementada con extracto de levadura y petróleo crudo, como fuentes de carbono. Se obtuvieron 33 cepas bacterianas, que se sometieron a un proceso de selección en el medio Bushnell-Haas suplementado con crudo pesado, de las que se seleccionaron tres porque degradaban los hidrocarburos en siete días. Su capacidad de degradación se evaluó a escala de laboratorio. La remoción de los hidrocarburos totales del petróleo (HTP) se determinó mediante el análisis de los saturados, los aromáticos, las resinas y los asfáltenos. Los análisis de las fracciones saturadas y las aromáticas fueron mediante cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de llama y espectroscopia infrarroja, respectivamente. Las tres cepas seleccionadas removieron más del 60% de los HTP. Una de ellas mostró valores de remoción superiores al 65% en todas las fracciones, excepto en las resinas; mientras que dos de ellas disminuyeron las tasas de C17/pristano y C18/fitano a menos del 50% con respecto al control abiótico. Dos de las cepas se identificaron fenotípicamente como del género , y otra como del género . Las potencialidades biodegradadoras de estos microorganismos en la limpieza de costas marinas han generado nuevos estudios.